Our dedicated team at Fitpiq works with passion and zeal to help you achieve your best possible results.
As the motto of Fitpiq says, ‘choose to be fit, we are a platform that aims to promote health and well-being in an effortless manner.
Help people to make their nutrition and fitness a priority. By choosing to be fit, we are improving the quality of life, and we at Fitpiq thrive for that.
Fitpiq Team works wholeheartedly and sincerely to help you achieve your health goals in the best possible ways.
We have had a wonderful expedition reaching where we are today.
Now feel confident to provide you with professional and helpful solutions to your problems and queries in a time-effective way.
We have the vision to promote healthy and healthful eating and lifestyle practices so that everyone can attain their real-life goals.
Our team works passionately and with zeal to assist you on each and every step of the journey to reach your health objective.
Fitpiq Team believes in making health a priority for people and works endlessly towards it.
We think that achieving health goals should not feel like a burden, but it should feel like an amazing venture.
Our team thinks unique, thrives on excellence and we are go-getters. Our team will provide you with guidance and support at every step,
We make sure that our team and you work as a “WE” to help you achieve your goals.
Our objective is to understand your present health and fitness efficacy and educate what is best for you and your body.
So that we together can chalk out your health and fitness journey.
HIGH-PROTEIN BANANA MILK SMOOTHIES ARE A GREAT SOURCE OF CALCIUM, POTASSIUM AND OTHER NUTRIENTS. A COMBINATION OF BANANA AND MILK IS A GOOD SOURCE OF ENERGY AND ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR, AMONG FITNESS ENTHUSIASTS AND FOODIES.
MANY HEALTH EXPERTS ADVISE IT TO HAVE IT REGULARLY BOTH OF THESE FOODS. THEY HELP IN MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT.
This banana smoothie made with milk is a healthy option. Banana shake is a healthy post-workout drink that can benefit your stomach, heart, and hydration levels. It’s also great for headaches and hangovers.
Healthy Indian Traditional Tamarind Rice is also known as Puliyogare in South India. It is a very simple, authentic, tangy, spicy recipe. This recipe gives you not only flavors but also goodness of health. Due to added tamarind, peanut and pure spices, it’s good for heart health, blood pressure and diabetes. It has components of lowering bad cholesterol, it helps to reduce inflammation and improve blood circulation.
Prepare masala for recipe – heat a pan on a low flame. Firstly, add whole coriander seeds, whole red chilli, cumin and black pepper, white sesame seeds and roast for 2 min at low heat. After that add coconut powder and saute for a while. Now off the flame and allow it to cool down completely. Then, put all ingredients in a mixer jar, and blend into a fine powder.
Soak tamarind in warm water for 10 min, just before cooking.
Cooking method:-
Heat some oil in a pan (use mustard or coconut or sesame oil). Add raw peanuts and roast till it will change its color. Now add urad, chana dal, whole red chilli, mustard seeds, green chilli, curry leaves and roast it till dal turns light brown then add turmeric powder keep sauteed.
After that add squeezed tamarind water into mixture. Now add some jaggery, grounded masala, 1/2 cup water and salt as per your taste. Mix all nicely for 2 min.
Afterwards, add boiled rice into the mixture, combine everything very well. Cover & cook for 2 min at low flame.
Off the heat, mix well again and garnish the dish with Fresh coriander leaves.
Your Healthy Indian traditional tamarind rice is ready. Serve it hot with tomato rasam or sambhar and pickle.
INTRODUCTION TO HOW TO READ YOUR OWN BODY COMPOSITION REPORT:
READING YOUR OWN BODY COMPOSITION REPORT CAN HELP YOU TO MAINTAIN A HEALTHY LIFE.
What do you know about your own body composition did it is healthy or not, everyone should be known about their healthy weight, BMR, BMI, TBF%, VFI%, SMI%, BMC% and many more…
f they are in the healthy range so good just you need to maintain it if it’s not then you must need to meet a dietitian or doctor and have to follow their instruction:
WEIGHT:
It is a fact that men generally weigh more than women of the same height and age. Ideal body weight; do you know what actually the ideal body weight is; it is essential to know about your ideal weight, it depends on your age and height for the same age or height it’s different for men and women.
If you can maintain your ideal weight according to your age and height then you can keep yourself healthy. and save yourself from many diseases.
Calculating Your Ideal Body Weight Based on Height :
BMI (BODY MASS INDEX ) :
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated by dividing a person’s weight by the square of their height. This value is expressed in units of kg/m2, with weight in kilograms and height in meters. You can calculate your BMI by referring to a table or chart that shows your BMI based on your weight and height. These charts use contour lines or colours to represent different BMI categories and may use different units of measurement (which will be converted to metric units for the calculation).
The BMI is expressed in kg/m2, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres. If pounds and inches are used, a conversion factor of 703 (kg/m2)/(lb/in2) is applied. When the term BMI is used informally, the units are usually omitted.BMI=masskgheightm2=masslbheightin2×703
The Body Mass Index, or BMI, is measured by calculating the ratio of a person’s weight in kilograms to their height in meters squared. If the weight is measured in pounds and the height in inches, a conversion factor of 703 (kg/m2)/(lb/in2) is used. When referring to BMI informally, the units are often left out. To calculate BMI, the formula is BMI = mass (kg) / height (m)2 or BMI = mass (lb) / height (in)2 x 703.
FAT:
Did you know that fats, also known as fatty acids or lipids, in our body consist of three molecules that are bonded together? This specific structure is referred to as a “triglyceride”
Our bodies can produce most of the fat required, but there are certain fats that are not produced by our bodies. These fats are known as “essential” fats and can only be obtained by consuming them through food. Some examples of essential fats are Omega-3 fats (present in foods like fish and flaxseed) and Omega-6 fats (present in foods like nuts, seeds, and corn oil). Obtaining these fats from food is crucial for our overall health and well-being.
Calorie and fat intake recommendations for men :
Recommended Daily Total Fat Intake: 60 – 65g*
Recommended Maximum Daily Saturated Fat Intake: 14 – 15.5g**
Daily Calories: 1800 – 2000
Calorie and fat intake recommendations for women :
Daily Calories: 1500 – 1700
Recommended Daily Total Fat Intake: 50 – 56g*
Recommended Maximum Daily Saturated Fat Intake: 11.5 –
BODY FAT WEIGHT:
IT’S LIKELY DETERMINED THAT IF YOUR FAT PERCENTAGE DECREASES AND YOUR WEIGHT IS AS IT IS SAME THEN THAT’S OK. YOUR MUSCLE WEIGHT% SHOULD ALWAYS BE MORE THAN FAT %.
SKELETAL MUSCLE:
Most of the muscles in our body are skeletal muscles. It comprises 30 to 40% of total body mass. It’s connected to our bones and allows us to do movements and functions. It’s voluntary which means we can control how and when they work. Skeletal muscle refers to 35% of our body weight in females and in males it’s 36%. it also changes with height weight and age. It helps to maintain body posture, protect joints and hold them in place also helps in chewing and swallowing which is the first part of digestion.
DISORDERS AFFECT SKELETAL MUSCLES:
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: This disease is caused by abnormal genes or comes genetically in skeletal muscle it causes progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle fibre.
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS: it is an autoimmune disease that prevents muscles and nerves from communicating as they are.
RHABDOMYOLYSIS: break down of muscle tissue it is a life-threatening disease in which the damaged muscle start releasing proteins, electrolytes and other substance in the blood. It can lead to serious organ damage, heart stroke.
SARCOPENIA: in this, we start losing skeletal muscle mass as we age at 40 and by 80 we almost lose50%of it. it can lead to loss of function, mobility, and obesity.
STRAINS: Because of over-stretching of muscle fibre.
TENDONITIS: Tendons are responsible for connecting skeletal muscles to bones. Inflammation of tendons can cause significant pain and discomfort while using these muscles. Tendonitis, similar to strains, is often a result of overworking tendons.
symptoms if the skeletal muscle is not working properly:
some part of the body’s movement stops working
severe, sudden muscle pain or cramps.
check your urine colour if it is very dark urine or low urine output.
feeling very tired and weak.
How can I keep my skeletal muscles healthy:
EAT NUTRITIOUS AND BALANCED DIET.
MAINTAIN A HEALTHY BODY WEIGHT.
STRETCHING AND WARMING UP YOUR MUSCLES BEFORE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.
MUSCLE:
It is a specialised tissue that helps us to move and locomotion made up of muscle cells, consisting of several myofibrils.
Animal muscle is of three types
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscles
cardiac muscles
MUSCLE WEIGHT :
they have the quality to contract and relax and are essential for the movements of the human body. they contribute to 40 to 50% of the body weight.
WATER:
Water is crucial for all living beings. In certain organisms, water can make up to 90% of their body weight, while in human adults, it can account for up to 60% of their body…
As per Mitchell et al. (1945), the brain and heart consist of 73% water, while the lungs are approximately 83% water. The skin contains 64% water, whereas muscles and kidneys are 79%, and even the bones have some water content, i.e., 31%.
Every day, humans need to consume a specific amount of water to stay alive. The amount varies based on age, gender, and location. Typically, adult males require around 3 litres (3.2 quarts) of water per day, while adult females require about 2.2 litres (2.3 quarts) per day. It’s worth noting that not all of the water a person needs has to come from drinking liquids, as some of it is present in the food we eat.
VISCERAL FAT:
Visceral fat is a specific type of fat that accumulates in the abdominal cavity and can cause blockages in arteries. This can increase the risk of health issues like diabetes, prediabetes, and heart disease.
It is important to maintain a healthy amount of body fat, however, not all types of fat are the same.
A growing belly is the most obvious sign of visceral fat, but that can indicate subcutaneous fat as well. Some studies show if you have a potbelly — or are more “apple-shaped” than “pear-shaped” — you may have more visceral fat
liver
stomach
intestines
It can also build up in the arteries.
If you have a growing belly, it may be a sign of visceral fat. However, it’s important to note that this could also indicate subcutaneous fat. All of us need a bit of internal belly fat, says Nutritional… you are pear-shaped; if your WHR is higher than 0.80, you’re apple-shaped.
However, an unhealthy diet that includes a lot of fatty foods and carbohydrates (such as sugars) and a sedentary lifestyle contribute to the accumulation of visceral fat.
IT CAN LEAD TO STROKE, HEART DISEASE, AND DIEBETES&HIGH CHOLESTEROL
METABOLISM:
Metabolism is the natural process through which our body converts food and drinks into energy. During this process, calories from food and drinks combine with oxygen to produce the necessary energy for the body.
Even at rest, it needs energy for breathing, sending blood through the body, keeping hormone levels even and growing and repairing cells.
It depends on Body size and composition, sex, and age they all come under basal metabolic rate.
Proteins are made up of amino acids. There are 20 essential amino acids our body uses to prepare proteins, such as muscle and bone, and other compounds such as enzymes and hormones. it can also use them as an energy source.
it is an important part of healthy life.
our body uses amino acids to repair muscle and bones and to make hormones and enzymes. and it can also be used as an energy source.
BONE MASS FOR HOW TO READ YOUR OWN BODY COMPOSITION REPORT:
Bone strength is determined by bone size and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), which together make up bone mass. Peak bone mass is achieved during early adulthood and is influenced by the amount of bone mass accumulated during skeletal growth and development. Having a higher peak bone mass can help offset the natural bone loss that occurs with ageing, menopause, and certain chronic diseases in adulthood.
-bone mass accrual during childhood and adolescence has important implications for lifelong bone health.
OBESITY:
Having an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that poses a risk to health is known as overweight or obesity. A body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25 is deemed overweight, while over 30 is considered obese. This problem has become an epidemic, with more than 4 million individuals dying each year due to being overweight or obese in 2017, as reported by the global burden of disease.
The number of people who are overweight or obese is increasing, both in adults and children. Between 1975 and 2016, the percentage of children and teenagers aged 5-19 who were overweight or obese worldwide increased by over four times, from 4% to 18%.
BODY AGE:
Body age is a lifestyle measurement that compares your physical health to that of your surrounding population. Tests for body age typically consider various factors, such as your diet, exercise routine, drinking and smoking habits. Some tests may even inquire about your pet ownership and social health.
HOW CAN I LOWER MY BODY AGE:
EAT HEALTHIER
EXERCISE REGULARLY
LOOK AFTER YOUR MENTAL HEALTH
ESTABLISH AND STAY CONNECTED WITH YOUR SOCIAL CIRCLE
GET A PET OR HANG OUT WITH SOMEONE ELSE’S
VISIT A COUNSELLOR, therapist or psychologist
Calculating your body age can be a way to learn whether or not you’re living a healthy, more youthful life, but it is not an exact, scientifically accurate gauge and shouldn’t replace professional diagnosis. It’s easy to calculate your real age, also known as your “chronological age,” but getting a number for your biological age involves going through a list of physical tests and assessing your current lifestyle. The number you get can tell you a lot about your health habits and can be helpful in figuring out how to make changes in your life, especially if you want your biological age to go down as your chronological age goes up!
LBM:
Lean body mass (LBM) refers to the weight of all organs and tissues in the body except for body fat. It is calculated by subtracting body fat weight from total body weight. This includes bones, muscles, blood, skin, and other components.
Typically, the percentage of lean body mass (LBM) is not calculated, but it usually makes up 60-90% of an individual’s total body weight. Generally, men have a higher percentage of LBM compared to women. The dosage of certain anaesthetic agents, specifically those that dissolve in water, is typically based on a person’s LBM. Additionally, some medical examinations also utilize LBM values. LBM. Additionally, some medical examinations also utilize LBM values.
Lean body mass refers to the total mass of bones, muscles, water, ligaments, tendons, and internal organs in the body. Essential fat is present in internal organs, and its mass is included when calculating lean body mass. However, the subcutaneous fat surrounding internal organs is not included in the measurement of lean body mass.
To calculate fat-free mass, you subtract all fat mass (including essential fat) from total body mass. This results in the difference between fat-free mass and lean body mass. By subtracting essential fat from lean body mass, you can determine fat-free mass. On average, women tend to have a 5-12% gap between their lean body mass and fat-free mass, whereas men typically have a 2-3% difference.
Lean Body Mass Formulas for Adults:
The Boer Formula:1
For males:
eLBM = 0.407W + 0.267H – 19.2
For females:
eLBM = 0.252W + 0.473H – 48.3
The James Formula:2
For males:
eLBM = 1.1W – 128(WH)2
For females:
eLBM = 1.07W – 148(WH)2
The Hume Formula:3
For males:
eLBM = 0.32810W + 0.33929H – 29.5336
For females:
eLBM = 0.29569W + 0.41813H – 43.2933
Lean Body Mass Formula for Children
The Peters Formula:4
The author suggests that this formula is applicable to children aged 13-14 years old or younger. The formula is used to compute an eLBM based on an estimated extracellular volume (ECV) as follows:
eECV = 0.0215·W0.6469·H0.7236
eLBM = 3.8·eECV
In the formulas above, W is the body weight in kilograms and H is the body height in centimeters.
AFTER KNOWING ALL THE CATEGORIES OF BODY COMPOSITION AND HEALTHY VALUE YOU CAN READ YOUR BODY COMPOSITION REPORT EASILY AND I HOPE SOO IT’S HELPFUL FOR YOU FOR MORE ON THIS TYPE OF CONTENT COMMENT US WHAT TYPE OF ARTICLES YOU WANT OR NEED WE WILL DEFINITELY COME UP WITH THAT.
now try to check your body composition report…it will definitely help you.
Healthy Cauliflower Egg Pulao without Rice is quick, easy, super nutritious and a great replacement of rice and It is rich in nutrients such as vitamins C and K, a good source of folate high in fibre and protein.
For some healthy reasons, once in a while we should take a break from all grains and consume a grain free meal to give an ease to our gut health, but that meal should be fulfilled with equal amount of nutrients as grains. So, this recipe can be a great option as a detox meal. Now let’s jump to the recipe.
Onion, capsicum (red, green, yellow) – 1 cup (choose veggie as per your choice)
Mushroom – 1 cup
Sweet corns – 1/2 cup
Ginger garlic grated
Salt and black pepper to taste
Oil for cooking – 2-3 tbsp
Coriander leaves for garnishing
Cooking Method:-
Heat 2 tbsp oil in a pan. Add grated ginger and garlic, roast it slighly.
Now add onion and capsicum. Subsequently, Saute for a while.
After that add grated cauliflower, broccoli, boiled corns and chopped mushrooms into the pan.
Add salt and black pepper to your taste, mix it well. cover the pan, cook the mixture for 5 min.
Prepare Scrambled eggs separately – Heat 1 tbsp oil on a separate pan on a medium flame. Pour raw eggs in oil, when it starts cooking, keep stirring it nicely and stirring the eggs every few seconds. Finally, the pieces of eggs get separated, then off the flame.
Add scrambled eggs into the cauliflower mixture and stir it well for 1 min. Now Off the flame.
Garnish it with Coriander leaves.
Now Healthy Cauliflower Eggs Pulao without rice is ready. Enjoy it with chick pea hummus or any dip of your choice.
Macros of Cauliflower Egg Pulao:-
Calories: 160 kcal
Protein: 10g
Carbs: 7.5g
Fat: 10g
Fiber: 8.5g
So, here it is a perfect recipe filled with nutrition and a great way to substitute rice in your meals. Try this, It’s going to be a regular for you, surely.
Nutritious Hariyali Matki Khichdi is a super healthy, tasty and easy to make recipe which keeps your digestive system in order, it may help detoxify the body. It is advisable in diabetes, Hypothyroidism weight loos. Matki beans also known as moth beans are rich in protein, vitamin, minerals and high in fibre. It improves our health and gut health. Due to using green leafy vegetables and spices contain antioxidants potentially reducing risk of many diseases.
Vegetables of choice finely chopped – 1 cup (Green beans, carrots, green chilli, green peas)
Onion finely chopped – 1 1/2 cup
Ginger garlic paste – 1 tbsp
Mustard oil or ghee – 2 tbsp
Cumin and mustard seeds – 1/2 tbsp
Pinch of Hing (Asafetida)
Bay leaf, cardamom, clove – 1
Turmeric, red chilli powder – 1/2 tbsp
Water – 500 ml
Preparation:-
Soak the matki beans overnight.
Soak white rice for 30 min before cooking.
Make a smooth paste of fresh coriander, mint leaves and green chilli.
Cooking method:-
Lets Heat 2 tbsp mustard oil or ghee in a cooker on a low flame. Once the oil is hot a little, crackle cumin and mustard seeds then add and slightly roast some bay leaf, cardamom, clove and pinch of hing.
Now add onion and sauté till it become golden. After that add turmeric, red chilli powder and roast a little.
Now add all the chopped veggies, soaked matki and rice into the cooker. Add salt and pepper as per your taste. Mix it well for 2 min. Add 500 ml water, cover it and take 3-4 whistles.
Once the khichdi is properly boiled, add half a cup of coriander and mint green paste and 1 cup chopped spinach. Stir it well and let it cook for 2-3 min. after that off the flame.
Your Nutritious Hariyali Matki Khichdi is ready. Serve it with raita and chutney.
Nutritional Value of Hariyali Matki Khichdi (per serving):-
Calories – 360kcal
Carbs – 39.7g
Protein – 15g
Fat – 6g
Fiber – 7.5g
Try this healthy recipe and let us know by commenting that how did you like it.
Healthy and yummy Sweet potato Coriander curry is a unique, very easy to make recipe that tastes good with less ingredients might already be in your kitchen. This is a weight loss and diabetic friendly recipe which gives a range of health benefits, it is rich in vitamin A, C, K, and B6, minerals like potassium, manganese, calcium and magnesium. Sweet potatoes and coriander are rich in antioxidants, also it helps in regulating blood sugar levels and blood pressure.
Sweet potatoes (boiled, peeled and diced) – 2 medium
Coriander leaves (medium chopped) – 1.5 cup
Tomato (chopped) – 1 small
Green chilli – 2 small (adjust to taste)
Garlic – 2 cloves
Ginger – 1/2 inch
Onion (chopped) – 1 small
Cumin seeds – 1 tsp
Curd – 1/2 cup
Oil for cooking – 2 tbsp
Black pepper, Salt to taste
Preparation:-
Before start cooking, firstly boil the sweet potatoes and peel off and cut into cubes when it gets cold.
Marinate diced sweet potatoes in curd. Cover and rest for 10 min.
Method:-
Take a jar and add chopped coriander, tomato, green chilli, ginger, garlic, some salt and make a fine paste of it.
Heat 2 tbsp of cooking oil in a pan. Add cumin seeds and when it start to splutter, add chopped onion and sauté till it become pink in color. Now add green paste of coriander, 1 cup of water and more salt as per taste. Cover the pan and let it boil for 2 min.
Now add marinated sweet potatoes into the curry and add black pepper for seasoning. Stir it well for more 2 min. Cover it and off the flame.
Your Sweet potato coriander curry is ready to be served. Enjoy it with plain rice or chapati.
Have 2 servings of curry for desired results.
Macros of Sweet potato coriander curry:-
Calories: 361.6 kcal
Protein: 10.3g
Crabs: 35.7g
Fat: 18g
Fiber: 10g
If you are facing issues in dropping your weight, Please take this free-body type assessment: Click here
Healthy Tofu Veggie Stew in Coconut Milk is a super nutritious recipe. It has variety of vegetables and goodness of coconut milk. This recipe has a lot health benefits as it is full of vitamins, minerals, healthy fats, essential amino acids and fiber which promotes gut health, also it gives you instant energy and satiety. It is easy to cook, super delicious and immunity booster pack.
Medium sized Chop spring onion, beans, broccoli and lemon grass. Cut bell pepper, carrots and tofu into cubes. (You can add any seasonal vegetable as per your choice or availability like – mushrooms, cauliflower, baby corns, sweet corns, potatoes or cabbage)
Heat the pan on a low flame. Add 1 tbsp olive oil. Firstly add and sauté onions and beans. Put a lid on it. Cook for 2 min.
Now add remaining vegetables- broccoli, carrots, grated ginger, bell pepper, crushed lemon grass and add salt as per your taste. cook for 4-5 min.
Next add coconut milk, tofu, oregano and black pepper. Stir it well for a while.
Turn off the flame. Garnish it with fresh coriander leaves.
Serve it hot and your Quick and healthy Tofu veggie stew in coconut milk is ready to eat. Enjoy every bite and boost immunity….
HEALTHY AND TASTY DIABETIC BITTER GOURD(KARELA) JUICE is good for diabetic patients and bitter gourd is the most popular vegetable that helps treat Diabetes. So Bittergourd is always recommended by doctors and dietitians to consume it due to its ability to regulate glucose levels.
However, its bitter taste deters many individuals from including it in their diet. To address this, we have created a delicious bitter gourd juice recipe that is easy to make and enjoyable to drink. Give it a try and you may find incorporate it regularly into your diet plan. incorporating it regularly into your diet plan.
Did you know that bitter gourd is a great source of fibre and nutrients? It can actually help lower blood sugar levels, assist with weight loss, and even improve respiratory disorders. Maintaining a healthy body fat level is important for overall wellness and can help you achieve a fit and healthy lifestyle. for overall wellness and can help you achieve a fit and healthy lifestyle. and for overall wellness and can help you achieve a fit and healthy lifestyle.
Including Bittergourd in your diet is an initiative idea for your health, make sure to not have too much of it (2-3 bitter gourd in a day). having too much can cause diarrhoea and mild abdominal pain.
It may be worth considering incorporating these options into your dietary habits.
INGREDIENTS OF HEALTHY AND TASTY DIABETIC BITTER GOURD(KARELA) JUICE :
Bitter gourd ( KARELA) – (2-3 medium size)
Himalaya pink salt/ salt according to your taste
Lemon- half tablespoon
Cold water (250ml)
METHOD TO MAKE HEALTHY AND TASTY DIABETIC BITTER GOURD(KARELA) JUICE:
Firstly, wash the bitter gourd thoroughly and cut it into small pieces.
Afterwards, add karela and 250ml water in a mixture and blend till it becomes smooth.
Properly strain it into a bowl.
After nicely strained, add a desired amount of Himalayan pink salt or regular salt, along with half a tablespoon of lemon juice. Mix the ingredients thoroughly.
Here is your HEALTHY AND TASTY DIABETIC BITTER GOURD(KARELA) JUICE is ready .. enjoy it and make yourlifestyle beautiful and a little bit health conscious.
If you’re looking for some quick and easy recipes, just let us know in the comments which type you’re interested in and we will come up with something that suits your needs. Your feedback is always valued. Thank you for reading and have a great day!
Diabetes is not a single disease; it’s a group of many diseases. All the diseases are lump together and cause diabetes mellitus. It is a metabolic de-arrangement in our body. This is a group of metabolic diseases that are put together due to some common disease. That common disease is a tendency for chronic hyperglycemia and reduced insulin production. In hyperglycemia either there is increase resistance to the action of insulin or there is reduce the production of insulin.
How does diabetes occur?
We can understand by there are pancreas and beta cells that produce insulin that is going through the blood to the cells and act on its receptors. But, when production reduces or action reduces or both things occur like reduced production or increased resistance which makes diabetes a very big problem.
In this group of diseases there are many different types of diabetes which are as follows:
Type 1 diabetes:
This is a classical example of diabetes mellitus. In this, there is a severe reduction in the production of insulin, or sometimes absolutely absent because beta cells that produce insulin are attacked by the immune system or we can say that beta cells are destroyed due to an autoimmune reaction.
Type 2 diabetes:
Type 2 diabetes is a major problem. In this resistance to the action of insulin at least in the initial stages because the beta cells of the pancreas might be producing insulin at a normal level or more than normal but cells are not responding to insulin.
Gestational diabetes:
Gestational diabetes
This is a condition in which during pregnancy there is a tendency for hyperglycemia or there is hyperglycemia. In this condition, there is a problem in the production of insulin as well as there is peripheral resistance that tissues are not responding well to the insulin.
LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes of adults):
LADA stands for “latent autoimmune diabetes of adults”. In this condition, the immune system attacks beta cells in the pancreas at a slower rate compared to type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
It develops most commonly in people over 30 years old. because of which it is misdiagnosed. Because some healthcare experts still think that type 1 diabetes occurs only during childhood.
Medication and lifestyle changes can help in treating LADA for some years. But after some time as insulin production declines, insulin becomes as compulsory as your daily health management for type 1 diabetes.
Signs and symptoms of LADA:
They include symptoms of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Some of the primary symptoms are:
Difficulty in concentration (brain fog)
Itchy skin, dryness
Constant feelings of tiredness and lethargy
Feeling hungry all time
As the problem raises more, the more symptoms you will develop:
Feeling thirsty constantly
Frequent urination
Vision changes
Tingling in hands, feet, and legs
Tired or exhausted all time
Lose weight unexpectedly
Yeast infection (in women)
Factors to diagnose LADA:
The age is over 30 years of patients.
At least one out of four types of tests is positive for diabetes-related autoantibodies.
There is no requirement for insulin for at least six months after their initial diagnosis.
Another autoimmune diseases including Grave’s disease, celiac, or Hashimoto’s disease can be present.
Types of tests to diagnose LADA:
(GAD) Glutamic acid decarboxylase
(ICAs) Islet cell antibodies
Some other tests also can help in the diagnosis of LADA:
(HbA1c) Haemoglobin A1c test
(FPB) Fasting plasma glucose test
(OGTT) oral glucose tolerance test
Ketone test
Treatment of LADA:
Daily insulin therapy
Blood sugar monitoring
Food choice
Maturity onset diabetes of young people (MODY):
In this type of diabetes, there are symptoms of type 2 diabetes but it occurs at a younger age. In MODY, the body’s ability to produce insulin is limited but different than type 1 diabetes. When there is a decrease in insulin production, blood glucose level raises which causes diabetes.
Signs and symptoms:
MODY symptoms develop slowly, so it is possible to have no symptoms at first. That is why MODY is often left undiagnosed for a long time. Symptoms are:
Skin infection
Yeast infection
Urinating frequently
Thirsty frequently
Blurred vision
Causes of MODY:
MODY is caused by a single gene mutation which is why it is a “monogenic” disease. A different gene mutation can cause MODY. If someone has a family member with MODY, then they have an increased risk for the condition.
Diagnosis of MODY:
Different types of tests can help in the diagnosis of MODY:
Blood sugar test- this is the first step for diagnosing MODY. If these test results are positive then a doctor can advise you further test to assess the type of diabetes you have.
Genetic test- MODY occurs due to genetic mutation; a genetic test can help in the diagnosis of MODY.
Treatment of MODY:
Treatment is done with oral medications or insulin injections. Some forms don’t need any treatment. The treatment varies depending on what genetic mutation caused the condition.
Complications of diabetes mellitus:
Diabetes causes a lot of disturbances in a person’s body. It not only causes disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism but also lipid metabolism and protein metabolism. Complications of diabetes are divided into two categories:
Long-term complications-
Also, diabetes can produce vascular problems which we consider a disease also because it has various complications in it.
Diabetes damages the vessels (the vascular disease) and angiopathy are into two types:
Big vessel diseases (macrovascular complication) or macro angiopathy
Small vessel diseases (microvascular complications) or microangiopathy
Macrovascular complications:
They occur from changes in the medium to large blood vessels. The blood vessel walls get thick, sclerosis, and become occluded by plaque that adheres to the vessel walls. So, the blood flows is block.
The macrovascular complication occurs due to damage to larger blood vessels. These complications can occur in the blood vessels of any body part. They include diseases of coronary arteries, peripheral arteries, and cerebrovasculature. The early stage is associated with an atherosclerotic plaque in the vasculature supplying blood to the heart, brain, limbs, and other organs. The late step involves complete obstruction of these vessels which can cause myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, claudication, and gangrene.
Peripheral arterial disease
It is present in approx 29% patients of with diabetes and may remain undiagnosed due to lack of sensation because of neuropathy to identify pain.
Symptoms- claudication, ulcers, limb amputation
Screening and prevention – as part of a thorough history, patients ask about foot ulceration as well as limb claudication. Screening of all patients with diabetes over the age of 50 years is recommended with Ankle Brachial Index (ABI).
Coronary Heart Disease
Patients with type 2 diabetes are at an equal risk of getting myocardial infarction as well as patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Almost 75% of patients with diabetes are most probably having obstructive or non-obstructive coronary artery disease also.
Screening and prevention – However, the patient should be screened every year for being overweight or obese, hypertension, dyslipidemia, tobacco use, chronic kidney disease, albuminuria, and a family history of coronary heart disease. If any of them are present, they should be managed appropriately.
Hypertension
An ideal range for blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Treatment for hypertension with a goal blood pressure of <140/90 mmHg for those with lower cardiovascular risks, and<130/80 mmHg for those with higher cardiovascular risks should be initiated. The beginning of treatment should be with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) if albuminuria is present.
Lipid management
Patients over the age of 40 should start taking a statin, in addition to lifestyle modification. Also, the general recommendation is to use moderate-intensity statin for patients without CVD. For patients with multiple risk factors, a high-intensity statin is recommended.
Stroke
As diabetes increases the risk of coronary heart disease, the risk of stroke increases. It is higher in females than males. However, patients with type 2 diabetes have a high proportion of ischemic stroke from hemorrhagic stroke compared with the general population.
Screening and prevention:
Currently, there are not any guidelines present for patients with diabetes. However, in patients with other diseases or cardiovascular risk factors, there may be benefits. The patient should have strict blood glucose control.
Microvascular complication-
The microvascular complication occurs by the damage of smaller vessels. They include neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
Retinopathy-
Retinopathy
It is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide and is the main cause of blindness in working-age adults in the USA. Initially, there are no symptoms until the extremely late stages. Although, the primary risk factors for diabetic retinopathy development are the duration and intensity of glycemic control. Uncontrolled hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and the presence of other complications such as diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy worsen the underlying retinopathy. We have to also control these risk factors for the prevention of diabetic retinopathy.
Prevention-
For diabetic patients, enhancing glycemic control and treatment of systemic conditions like hypertension and hyperlipidemia is essential to prevent vision loss. Also, various studies have proven that lowering glycated hemoglobin reduces the rate and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Prevention is done by the following methods –
Blood pressure control
Cholesterol-lowering therapy
Exercise
Neuropathy-
Neuropathy
Diabetic patients are also affected by neuropathies. There are two main neuropathies
Distal symmetric polyneuropathy – The presence of symptoms of peripheral nerve dysfunction in people with diabetes after the exclusion of other causes. This is because of inflammatory stress or oxidative stress which leads to the damage of nerve cells. However, patients with type 2 diabetes should check for distal symmetric polyneuropathy once a year, and with type 1 diabetes, in 5 years. Screening is done by taking a thorough history and examination of the patient. The patient may feel numbness and tingling and sometimes pain.
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy – symptoms of this condition are hypoglycemia, orthostatic hypotension, gastroparesis, Bowel irregularities erectile dysfunction, and other autonomic deregulations. Also, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is not present in early diabetes. It increases with time. Symptoms are lightheadedness, faintness n palpitations, or syncope. Variability in heart rate while standing is also an indicator of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy
Other neuropathies – Neuropathic patients should also be screened for gastroparesis. by asking about symptoms like nausea, early satiety, or unexpected glycemia variations. Also, every patient with neuropathy should check for lower urinary tract symptoms such as incontinence and bladder dysfunction. Female sexual dysfunction including less libido, dyspareunia, and inadequate lubrication should screen.
Nephropathy –
Diabeticthy nephropathy. diabetic kidney disease. Proteins in the urine, cause damage to the glomeruli.
Although, nephropathy is common in patients with type 1 and type 2diabetes. It is 20 – 40% prevalent in patients with diabetes. the presence of reduce glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or increase urinary albumin excretion for at least 3 months in a diabetic patient.
Screening – screening is done once a time in a year on a patient with type 1 diabetes and five years on a patient with type 2 diabetes
If micro albumin urea is present then non-diabetic conditions causing albumin urea like urinary tract infection, haematuria, heart failure, febrile illness, severe hyperglycemia, and heavy exercise should be done more.
Prevention and treatment –
Lifestyle modification
Healthy eating
Exercise regularly
Weight loss
Acute complication of diabetes:
Acute complication includes:
Hypoglycemia or insulin reactions-
In this condition blood glucose level falls less than 50-60 mg/dl because of too much insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents, significantly less food intake, or over-physical activity.
This condition can occur at any time of day or night. Although, this is more common before meals or meals get delay or fasting.
There are two categories:
Adrenergic symptoms- There is mild hypoglycemia because the blood glucose level falls, and the sympathetic nervous system stimulates, which causes a surge of epinephrine or norepinephrine.
Symptoms of mild hypoglycemia include- sweating, tremor, tachycardia, palpitation, nervousness, and hunger.
Central nervous system symptoms- in this condition, there is moderate hypoglycemia which leads to a fall in glucose level which deprives the brain cells of needed fuel for normal functioning also.
Signs of impaired function of the CNS may include:
Difficulty in concentration
Headache
Lightheadedness
Memory lapse
Confusion
Slurred speech
Impaired coordination
Emotional changes
Behavior changes
Severe hypoglycemia-
CNS function is impaired in hypoglycemia as the patient needs another person for treatment. Also, disoriented behavior, seizures, sleep problem, and low consciousness are symptoms of this condition.
Management of hypoglycemia:
The normal recommendation is 15 g of fast-acting, concentrated source of carbohydrates such as the following, given orally:
3-4 commercially prepared glucose tablets
4-6 oz of fruit juice or regular soda
6-10 hard candies
2-3 teaspoons of sugar or honey
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Vanshree is a dedicated Clinical Nutritionist who wants to help people live healthier life. She has a post-graduate diploma in Nutrition & Dietetics from symbiosis skills and Professional University, Pune.
She has done her internship at Sayali’s Health & wellness awareness solutions 4 U, Pune.
She believes that good Nutrition is essential to not only lead a healthy life but prevent 95 % of diseases. She has experience in providing Nutrition counseling & meal planning. She is knowledgeable in Nutrition Science, Fitness, and Diet plans and is eager to educate others to make healthy choices. Outside of her Nutrition practice, Vanshree enjoys cooking, reading, blogging, and traveling. She loves trying out new recipes and researching the science behind them.
She believes the right habits play the most crucial role in one’s health and wellness journey. “Losing weight is a game of patience, determination & a never give up attitude”, according to Vanshree Ghanekar. As a Dietitian, she is passionate about people understanding the importance of diet & nutrition in their lives. Also, Nutrition Science can do wonders.
Her Specialisation:
Lifestyle management including weight loss, diabetes, hypertension & obesity
